Shotguns in Canada — Types, Gauges & PAL Requirements
Shotguns are non-restricted firearms in most configurations. Common types include pump-action (Mossberg 500, Remington 870), semi-automatic (Browning Auto-5), and break-action (double-barrel, single-shot). Gauges range from 12 (most common) to .410. Tube magazines are limited to 5 rounds total.
| Entity | Attribute | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Pump-Action Shotgun | Classification | Non-restricted (barrel >457mm) |
| Semi-Auto Shotgun | Classification | Non-restricted (standard configurations) |
| Break-Action | Classification | Non-restricted |
| Sawed-Off Shotgun | Classification | Prohibited (barrel <457mm) |
| 12 Gauge | Popularity | Most common shotgun gauge in Canada |
| Magazine Tube | Legal Limit | 5 rounds (including chamber) |
| PAL Required | Type | Non-restricted PAL ($60) |
What Shotgun Types Are Non-Restricted?
Non-restricted shotgun types include: pump-action (with barrel over 457mm), semi-automatic (standard models with barrel over 457mm), break-action (single or double barrel), lever-action, and bolt-action shotguns. Sawed-off shotguns (barrel under 457mm) or extremely short overall length shotguns are prohibited.
What Is the Difference Between 12 Gauge and 20 Gauge?
12 gauge shotguns have a larger bore diameter (18.5mm) than 20 gauge (15.6mm). 12 gauge carries more pellets and delivers more energy — preferred for waterfowl, deer, and home defence. 20 gauge produces less recoil and is lighter — preferred for upland bird hunting and youth shooters. Both use the same legal rules.
How Does PROVE Work for a Pump-Action Shotgun?
For a pump-action shotgun: (1) Point in safe direction, (2) Remove all shells from the tube by cycling the action while catching ejecting shells on a mat, (3) Lock the action open and observe the empty chamber, (4) Verify the tube is empty (look and feel), (5) Examine the bore. Count all extracted shells to verify the tube is clear.